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Glossary
Chapter 7 Appendix
code. Using this mode produces a
difference of approximately 86
seconds per day between real time
and time code, which causes
problems when editing programs in
units of seconds using the number of
frames as a reference.
NTSC
Abbreviation for National Television
System Committee. NTSC is a color
TV broadcasting system adopted
mainly in North American countries,
and in parts of Asia and Central and
South America.
PAL
Abbreviation for Phase Alternating
Line.PAL is a color TV broadcasting
system developed by Telefunken
GmbH of Germany. This system is
adopted mainly in European
countries, in Australia, and in parts of
Asia and South America.
Progressive scan mode
A scanning method in which odd
rows and even rows are read at the
same time. Also called full-screen
scanning.
Reference video signal
A video signal that contains a sync
signal or sync and burst signals, used
as a reference for synchronization of
video equipment.
Return video
Video signals that are sent back from
a VTR to a camera or from a control
console to a camera so that a camera
operator can verify the recorded/
selected video signals.
Sampling frequency
A method used to sample an analog
signal so that it can be represented
digitally. The higher the sampling
frequency is, the more accurately the
high-frequency analog signal can be
represented.
SDI
Serial Digital Interface. An interface
standardized as SMPTE 259M which
enables the transmission of an
uncompressed digital component
stream.
Servo
A mechanism that controls the
number and phase of revolutions of
the head drum, capstan, or reel tables.
The servo mechanism allows
recording and playback of the video
signal without guard band noise. The
reference signal of the servo control
is normally a vertical sync signal.
Shot data
Data recorded, while shooting, in the
color bars, the user bits data of VITC,
and so forth. Includes the model
name, serial number, date, time, shot
number, and ID1 to ID4.
Shutter speed
The time that the shutter is open.
Slow shutter speeds give bright
images, but motion resolution is
lower.
SMPTE
Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers, a professional
association established in the U.S.A.
mainly for the purpose of setting
forth motion picture and television
engineering standards.
Stand-by off mode
A mode in which the head drum is
stationary and the tape is slack. It
means that the VTR is not ready for
immediate recording or playback. It
does not mean that the tape or video
heads are damaged.
Stand-by on mode
A mode in which the head drum
rotates with the tape wrapped around
it. It means that the VTR is ready for
recording or playback. The VTR
comes into Stand-by off mode in a
settled time not to damage tape and
video head.
Superimpose
A procedure you use to put one
picture (or character) over another so
that both can be seen at the same
time.
Time code
A digital signal recorded on the
videotape that supplies information
such as the hour, minute, second and
frame number of each frame. There
are two kinds of recorded signal:
longitudinal time code (LTC) and
vertical interval time code (VITC).
Time code synchronization
To synchronize the built-in time code
generator of video equipment to an
external time code.
Time data
Time information that is generated by
a time code generator or read by a
time code reader.
User's bits
A 32-bit section of time code in
which you can record desired
information such as the year, month,
date and reel numbers.
VBS
Abbreviation for video-burst-sync. A
composite signal consisting of a
video signal, a burst signal, and a
sync signal.
VITC
Abbreviation for vertical interval
time code. A time code recorded on
tape with video signals and inserted
in the vertical blanking interval of
video signals.The VTR can read this
time code even in still mode.
White balance
The adjustment of red, green and blue
signal levels so that white objects are
reproduced as true white.
White shading
A phenomenon whereby the upper
and lower portions of the white object
that you are shooting appear magenta
or green, while the central portion of
the image appears white.
Zebra pattern
Striped patterns that appear in the
viewfinder to indicate areas of the
picture where the video level is about
70 IRE units or 490 mV.
Zoom
To gradually change the field of view
of a camera lens from wide to narrow
angle (zoom in) or narrow to wide
angle (zoom out).