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Chapter 3. Advanced CCD Theory 35
1
Time Delay Integration
4
Image travel/parallel shift
2
3
5 6
CCD
Architectures
Three types of CCD imagers are used for quantitative electronic imaging. CCD
Architectures illustrates basic CCD structures that are in current use.
CCD Architectures
Frame transfer Interline transfer
Full frame
Image Storage
Mask
Photosite
Full Frame
The standard full-frame CCD imager has the simplest architecture. The parallel
register is used for photon exposure, charge integration, and charge transport. A
shutter is used to control the exposure and to block light during readout,
preventing charge smearing.
Frame Transfer
The frame-transfer CCD imager has a parallel register divided into two distinct
areas. The area at the far end of the parallel register is the image array, where
images are focused and integrated. The other area, the storage array, is identical
in size and is covered with an opaque mask to provide temporary storage for
collected charge.
After the image array is exposed to light, the entire electronic image is rapidly
shifted to the storage array. While the masked storage array is read, the image
array may integrate charge for the next image. A frame-transfer CCD imager can
operate continuously without a shutter at a high rate.