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54 A SHORT GUIDE TO PHOTOGRAPHY
Photography can be a rewarding pursuit. It is a broad and disciplined field that can take years to
master. But the pleasure in making photographs and the joy of capturing a magical moment cannot
be compared. The guide is an introduction to some basic photographic principles.
A short guide to photography
The zoom lens not only affects how large the subject is in the
picture, but it also influences the depth of field and perspective.
Depth of field is the area between the closest object in focus
and the furthest object in focus. As the lens zooms in to the
telephoto position, the depth of field becomes shallower, sepa-
rating the subject from the background. Many portraits are taken
with telephoto lenses. Zooming the lens out to the wide-angle
position makes both the foreground and background appear
sharper. Usually landscape photographs take advantage of the
large depth of field of wide-angle lenses.
Wide-angle lenses also create a strong perspective which gives
a sense of depth in the image. Telephoto lenses compress the
space between the subject and background and create a weak
perspective.
Ev stands for exposure value. A change of one
Ev adjusts the exposure by a factor of two.
What is an Ev?
+2.0 Ev
4X as much light
+1.0 Ev
–1.0 Ev
–2.0 Ev
2X as much light
1/2 as much light
1/4 as much light
Calculated exposure