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Glossary
Exif (Exchangable Image File Format)
A standard digital camera fi le format established by the Japan Electronics and Information
Technology Industries Association (JEITA).
Gradation
The total contrast range of an image. Also the range of light and dark tones in a scene that
a camera sensor is capable of registering.
Histogram
A graph that shows the darkest and brightest points in an image. The horizontal axis
represents the brightness and the vertical axis represents the number of pixels. This is
useful when you wish to refer to the exposure status of an image.
Image Resolution
The term image resolution refers to the number of pixels in a digital photo. You can get a
large picture in good condition with high-resolution.
Image Quality
Image quality is affected by the compression rate of the digital image. A high-quality photo
has a low compression rate.
ISO Sensitivity
The sensitivity of the camera to light; the equivalent of fi lm speed in a camera using fi lm.
With a high sensitivity, images can be shot with a high shutter speed even in dimly lit
places, reducing camera shake. However, images with high sensitivity are more
susceptible to noise.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
An image compression method. The image is recorded in JPEG format when the quality
level is set to
(Super fi ne (1)),
(Super fi ne (2)),
(Fine), or
(Good). Images
recorded in JPEG format are suitable for viewing on your PC or for attaching to e-mail.
ND (Neutral Density) Filter
A fi lter which reduces the amount of light entering the camera lens by a measured
amount, without affecting the picture itself.
Noise Reduction
Process to reduce noise (image roughness or unevenness) caused by slow shutter
speed.
NTSC/PAL
These are video output formats. NTSC is mainly used in Japan, North America, and
South Korea. PAL is mainly used in Europe and in China.
RAW data
Unedited image data output from the CCD. RAW data is data before being internally
processed by the camera. Settings like White balance, contrast, saturation and sharpness
can be manipulated individually on each fi le. In addition, RAW data is 12-bit data that
contains 16 times the information of 8-bit JPEG and TIFF data. Rich gradations are
possible. Transfer RAW data to your computer and use the provided software to create
image data with different settings, such as JPEG or TIFF.
sRGB (Standard RGB)
International standard of colour space established by the IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission). This is defi ned from colour space for PC monitors and
is also used as the standard colour space for Exif.
Shutter Speed
The total exposure is proportional to the shutter speed. A fast shutter speed can capture a
stopped motion of a moving subject.
Vignetting
Vignetting occurs when corners of pictures are darkened because the subject was
blocked by the hood or fi lter or the fl ash was blocked.
White Balance
While shooting, colour temperature is adjusted to match the light source so that the
subject appears to have the correct colour.